Are used for protein synthesis in the liver C. May be converted to fat or glucose in the liver D. Both are used for protein synthesis in most body cells and … 88. 75. The Post absorptive state is also known as fasting state. 30. During the absorptive state of metabolism, amino acids: A. There is a substantial reduction in blood glucose concentration compared to the absorptive state. Digestion begins the moment you put food into your mouth, as the food is broken down into its constituent parts to be absorbed through the intestine. absorptive state. 16. During the absorptive state, energy is stored in: Definition. Start studying endocrine physiology part 3. B. What factors affect the brain's control of food intake in a normal person? The metabolic adjustments that occur as the body switches between the postabsorptive and absorptive states are largely triggered by changes in the Definition plasma concentration of insulin, a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells located in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans 42. 48. 15. Insulin is a satiety signal that suppresses appetite, whereas glucagon stimulates appetite. Throughout this state, digested food is converted into sugar or glucose. This glucose is derived from the processes of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, which are promoted by a high secretion of glucagon coupled with a low secretion of insulin. Body mostly depends on glycogen stores. 60) During the absorptive state, A) skeletal muscle fibers release glucose. N.V. Bhagavan, Chung-Eun Ha, in Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, 2011. The Postabsorptive State. Your first task is to apply the mass balance equation to the maintenance of the glucose pool during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies. Amino acids and fats are used to form degraded protein, and small amounts are used to provide ATP. Digestion begins the moment you put food into your mouth, as the food is broken down into its constituent parts to be absorbed through the intestine. The absorptive state, or the fed state, occurs after a meal when your body is digesting the food and absorbing the nutrients (anabolism exceeds catabolism). 74. 85. Which of the following statements regarding plasma cholesterol concentration and the development of atherosclerosis is correct? Excess dietary amino acids in a non-growing person are: B. When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of _____. macromolecules: Term. 12. Chylomicrons: formed in enterocytes during the absorptive phase only. During the absorptive state, anabolic processes use glucose in a variety of ways. FFAs are transported into cells. Untreated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects will die because of: E. Dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow and acidosis due to excessive levels of plasma ketones, 32. In response to cold stimuli, human beings increase their rate of heat production primarily by increasing basal metabolic rate. The major energy sources for non-nervous tissue during the postabsorptive period are fatty acids and ketones. Primarily anabolic. Question: Part D Metabolism During The Absorptive State During The Absorptive State, Metabolism Adjusts To Either Provide Energy For Immediate Use Or Store Excess Energy To Be Used Later Drag The Appropriate Items Into Their Respective Bins. The major metabolic effects of glucagon include: 22. When total-body energy balance is positive in an adult, energy is being stored as fat. All other things being equal, a person who is hypothyroid will have a higher BMR than a person whose thyroid function is normal. 13. Remnants are taken up by the liver. One serious consequence of insulin lack is the decreased ability of the brain to take up glucose efficiently, a condition that can lead to brain dysfunction and death. The excess NH4+ is converted to urea by the liver. 60) During the absorptive state, A) skeletal muscle fibers release glucose. C) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. During stress, elevated levels of plasma cortisol stimulate the catabolism of muscle protein and the conversion of alpha-keto acids to glucose in the liver. The absorptive state, or the fed state, occurs after a meal when your body is digesting the food and absorbing the nutrients (catabolism exceeds anabolism). With regard to fat metabolism, insulin increases: D. Both the activity of lipoprotein lipase and triacylglycerol synthesis by increasing glucose transport into adipose tissue cells. 70. 60. Compared to a normal person, a person with untreated type I diabetes mellitus would have. The primary integrator of body temperature control reflexes is the: A. Medullary cardiovascular center, E. Increased production of sweat for any given increase in environmental temperature and increased production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex, D. Both is released by infection-fighting leukocytes and acts on the temperature-integrating centers of the hypothalamus are correct. The enzyme that converts chylomicron triacylglycerols into fatty acids is: 8. Symptoms of untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus include: D. Hyperglycemia and reduced blood volume. The Postabsorptive State. Quizlet 16 1. Distinguish between the major characters of the absorptive and postabsorptive state in term of the conditions that establish the states and hormones that control the associated activities. as body progresses from absorptive to post absorptive state all other organs, besides __, switch to fatty acids as major energy source brain during transition phase, from absorptive to post absorptive state, __ begins in adipose tissues & released __ __ are picked up by tissue cells & oxidized for energy They are degraded to free fatty acids(FFA) by lipoprotein lipase(LPL). Glycogen is formed in the liver during the absorptive state. PostabsorptiveState" "As"the"absorptive"state"comes"to"an"end,"enterocytes"stop"providing"glucose"to"the"hepatic" portal"circulation. The postabsorptive state, or the fasting state, occurs when the food has been digested, absorbed, and stored. During the absorptive state, the body makes use of stored nutrients for energy. You commonly fast overnight, but skipping meals during the day puts your body in the postabsorptive state as well. 39. 3. Figure 24.5.1 – Absorptive State: During the absorptive state, the body digests food and absorbs the nutrients into cells. 31. anatomy-and-physiology; 0 Answers. The postabsorptive state, or the fasting state, occurs when the food has been digested, absorbed, and stored. of energy storage molecules and other processses characteristic of the absorptive state: 80. Throughout this state, digested food is converted into sugar or glucose. Metabolic acidosis caused by excessive blood levels of ketones is one of the most serious consequences of untreated insulin-dependent diabetes. The absorptive state of metabolism lasts for about four hours, during and after each meal. 10. A. 19. 73. 2. 54. The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat. Medical definition of absorptive: relating to or functioning in absorption. During fasting, ketones produced by the liver: B. In summary, what happens to glucose during the absorptive phase? PostabsorptiveState" "As"the"absorptive"state"comes"to"an"end,"enterocytes"stop"providing"glucose"to"the"hepatic" portal"circulation. Transport dietary triglycerides. Increases the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue cells. Receptors for the regulation of body temperature are heat and cold receptors in the skin, the CNS, and internal organs. As a result of binding to its receptor in skeletal muscle plasma membranes, insulin: D. Both stimulates glycogen synthase and inhibits the enzymes that mediate protein catabolism are correct. D. It is converted to amino acids by liver cells. Key Points. Which of the following leads to increase in the ratio of LDL:HDL? 10. B. Liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood, A. 58. When plasma glucose concentration increases, the secretion of insulin is ________ and the secretion of glucagon is ________. Cholesterol or its derivatives are directly involved in each of the following except: 37. Can be used by the brain as an energy source, B. Epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells. A. Hepatic gluconeogenesis will be impaired. During exercise, glucose uptake by muscle cells is increased because of increased insulin secretion. 57. Chylomicrons: formed in enterocytes during the absorptive phase only. Takes up glucose and converts it glycerol and fatty acids. In this state glucose concentration in the blood declines and hence insulin levels are also decreased. 50. Cholesterol is metabolized to bile salts in the liver. Transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues. In subjects with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: E. Both insulin target tissues have fewer than normal or abnormal insulin receptors and increased exercise and caloric restriction generally improve their condition are correct, D. Both precursor of steroid hormones and component of plasma membranes are correct. 87. 78. Amino acids and fats are used to form degraded protein, and small amounts are used to provide ATP. 33. C) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. 28. The most important of the glucose-counter regulatory controls in normal circumstances is epinephrine. The excretion of glucose in the urine of a diabetic patient is a result of the inability of the kidney tubules to reabsorb glucose in the absence of insulin. Carbs/proteins are taken to the portal vein and then to the liver. Remnants are taken up by the liver or processed to LDL. Plasma cholesterol concentration is not homeostatically regulated, but instead depends solely on the intake of cholesterol in the diet. During this state, the body must rely initially on … A post-absorptive state differs from an absorptive state. 44. ... builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state. The source of the triacylglycerol used for synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in the liver is absorbed fatty acids and glycerol. Fever differs from other forms of hyperthermia in that it results from resetting the hypothalamic "thermostat" to a higher level. The metabolic events characteristic of the absorptive state can be attributed to the presence of large amounts of insulin in the blood, whereas the events of the postabsorptive state can be attributed largely to decreased insulin levels. Transport dietary triglycerides. For each state, you need to explain how each of the parts of the equation contribute to increases/decreases in the glucose pool, and the internal mechanisms that are employed to counteract those changes to restore balance. The anabolic effects of insulin are accomplished by: 40. The absorptive state lasts for four hours, during and after each meal. During the absorptive state, glucose is the main fuel for most tissues of the body, which utilize it by glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and other pathways. Stimulated by insulin - promotes storage. Heat loss from evaporation occurs only when one is sweating. Insulin inhibits the enzymes in the liver that catalyze reactions leading to gluconeogenesis. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, whereas the digestion of proteins and fats begins in the stomach and small intestine. The Postabsorptive State. After absorbing nutrients in the intestines, blood then travels to: A. The body's most effective mechanism for reducing heat loss is vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin. absorptive state. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The dietary components are utilized to replenish and augment glycogen and fat stores in the body. During feasting on a balanced carbohydrate, fat, and protein meal resting metabolic rate, body temperature and respiratory quotient all increase. A. Estrogens. Fatty acids released by lipolysis of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue travel in the plasma as VLDL. Which of the following tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose? 61. The Post absorptive state is also known as fasting state. Insulin has no effect on the carrier-mediated transport of glucose in the liver; therefore, insulin does not stimulate the uptake of glucose by that organ. When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of _____. 0 votes. 47. Low blood glucose level causes glucagon hormone to be secreted by alpha cells of pancreas. Catabolic hormones or conditions include the following: A. Elevated plasma cortisol concentration, A. Elevated plasma cortisol concentration, B. 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