Works of literature feature innumerable figures of speech that are used as literary devices. Here’s a quick and simple definition:Some additional key details about figures of speech: 1. Figures of Speech in Psalms. Whereas a metaphor is an implied resemblance, a simile is a stated resemblance—in other words, a similarity. For example, the hyperbole “I could eat a horse” is effective in showing great hunger by using figurative language. Figures of speech are used in everything from descriptions (of people, settings, events, etc) to comparisons to explanations. Writers also use figures of speech in their work as a means of description or developing meaning. For example, Margaret Atwood utilizes figures of speech in her poem “you fit into me” as a means of achieving poetic meaning and creating a vivid picture for the reader. Figures Speech. The effect is further reflection…. Here are some ways that writers benefit from incorporating figures of speech into their work: Effective use of figures of speech is one of the greatest demonstrations of artistic use of language. Though there are hundreds of figures of speech, here we'll focus on 20 top examples. Updates? The term figure of speech covers a wide range of literary devices, techniques, and other forms of figurative language, a few of which include: Many people use figures of speech in conversation as a way of clarifying or emphasizing what they mean. Figure of speech definition: Figure of speech is the use of language to add richness to the literal meaning of words. And But what is a figure of speech? Basically, it is a figurative language that may consist of a single word or phrase. In other words, simple rearrangement or juxtaposition of words is not effective in the way that deliberate wording and phrasing are. Corrections? In the second two lines, the wording is clarified by adding “fish” to “hook” and “open” to “eye,” which calls forth an unpleasant and even violent image. Figures involving a change in sense, such as metaphor, simile, and irony, are called tropes. My grandchildren are the flowers of my garden. any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or … it is easier to understand than an idiom as you do not have to be familiar with the language in order to decipher it The term \"climax\" also has another meaning: climax, the figure of speech, is different from climax, the moment in a plot when the central conflict of the story reaches peak intensity. The most common types of figures of speech are metaphors, similes, idioms, personification, hyperbole, and euphemisms. PUN: A Pun consists in the use of a word in such a way that it is capable of more than one application, the object being to introduce a ludicrous effect. Climax has the effect of building excitement and anticipation. noun, plural figures of speech.Rhetoric. Joe got his dream job, so that’s not too bad. I heard she has cancer, but it’s not a big deal. word or phrase using figurative language—language that has other meaning than its normal definition Here are some common examples of figures of speech used in writing: Simile is a figure of speech in which two dissimilar things are compared to each other using the terms “like” or “as.”, A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two different things without the use of the terms “like” or “as.”. In addition, this is effective in the novel as a figure of speech because time has a great deal of influence on the plot and characters of the story. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or make an idea more vivid. This condition is also true of the oral literatures of Africa and of the written literatures deriving from them. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. And it uses the words “like” or “as” in showing how one thing is similar to another. 3. A figure of speech creates a figurative rather than a literal meaning for a word or phrase via adding, deleting, or changing words and ideas in a phrase. This second section on Figures of Speech are departure from the ordinary form of expression, or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater effect. The particular sense used in figure of speech is found under number 21, in section V, of the entry for figure, n. V. In various uses, representing the technical applications of Greek σχῆμα. Two more figures of speech which are related are the hyperbole and understatement.These two terms are basically opposites. A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that entails an intentional deviation from ordinary language use in order to produce a rhetorical effect. In oral communication, figures of speech can clarify, enhance description, and create interesting use of language. One of the most powerful single literary influences upon world cultures has been the Bible. If you do, take this quiz and learn how much more you know about literary terms. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Figures of Speech. Sue won the lottery, so she’s a bit excited. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament are rich in simile, metaphor, and personification and in the special figure of Hebrew poetry, parallelism. He describes it not as an instrument of thought but as an ornamentation, an adornment that at best serves the functions of clarity and vividness. The Figures of speech are departures from the direct way of speaking or writing, intended to explain, emphasize, elucidate or embellish what is being said. Though there are hundreds of figures of speech, below are 20 of the most common figures. Of course I'm not. Definition of figure of speech : a form of expression (such as a simile or metaphor) used to convey meaning or heighten effect often by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning or connotation familiar to the reader or listener First Known Use … The word means an obscure figure of speech. There are a wide range of figures of speech … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. A figure of speech is something which is used to convey a more deep or intense meaning. By using effective figures of speech to enhance description and meaning, writers make their works more memorable for readers as an experience. Most figures in everyday speech are formed by extending the vocabulary of what is already familiar and better known to what is less well known. Japanese poetry is based on delicate structures of implication and an entire vocabulary of aesthetic values almost untranslatable to the West. These figures of speech add meaning to literature and showcase the power and beauty of figurative language. A figure of speech is often used to portray an idea more clearly or more interestingly. A figure of speech that resembles the metaphor is the simile. It uses words to convey a figurative instead of a literal meaning. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a … A pun is a figure of speech that contains a “play” on words, such as using words that mean one thing to mean something else or words that sound alike in as a means of changing meaning. How to Use Figures of Speech. Fish are smart because they travel in schools. Personification is a figure of speech that attributes human characteristics to something that is not human. This metaphor is particularly powerful because the comparison is so unlikely; books are generally not considered to be dangerous weapons. Young adults are curious about the birds and bees (sex). Copyright © 2021 Literary Devices. Many figures of speech invoke humor or provide a sense of irony in ways that literal expressions do not. Here are some common examples of conversational figures of speech: Hyperbole is a figure of speech that utilizes extreme exaggeration to emphasize a certain quality or feature. They are chiefly used in poetry for the sake of vividness. You'll probably remember many of these terms from your English classes. It is a rhetorical device that a writer or speaker deliberately uses to create an implied comparison with a word or phrase. 2. A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words in order to increase their effectiveness. It was just a figure of speech. However, the likening of Gatsby’s guests to moths also reinforces the idea that they are only attracted to the sensation of the parties and that they will depart without having made any true impact or connection. This simile, as a figure of speech, underscores the themes of superficiality and transience in the novel. In European languages, figures of speech are generally classified in five major categories: (1) figures of resemblance or relationship (e.g., simile, metaphor, kenning, conceit, parallelism, personification, metonymy, synecdoche, and euphemism); (2) figures of emphasis or understatement (e.g., hyperbole, litotes, rhetorical question, antithesis, climax, bathos, paradox, oxymoron, and irony); (3) figures of sound (e.g., alliteration, repetition, anaphora, and onomatopoeia); (4) verbal games and gymnastics (e.g., pun and anagram); and (5) errors (e.g., malapropism, periphrasis, and spoonerism). I need to powder my nose (go to the bathroom). A figure of speech is an expression whose words are not used in their literal sense. Common Figures of Speech. …treated metaphor, perhaps the major figure of speech, in a way that was to plague rhetoricians and poets for centuries. In a culture not influenced by classical Greece and Rome, some figures may be absent; irony is likely to be confined to fairly sophisticated cultures. What is a climax? Omissions? Greeting-card rhymes, advertising slogans, newspaper headlines, the captions of cartoons, and the mottoes of families and institutions often use figures of speech, generally for humorous, mnemonic, or eye-catching purposes. Being able to create poetic meaning, comparisons, and expressions with these literary devices is how writers form art with words. In particularly, metaphors and proverbs are extremely common in everyday language. 'Get up with the lark' is a figure of speech, meaning 'Get out of bed early'. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What is a figure of speech? This figure of speech is partly pleasure and partly business. It is a phrase made up of two or more words which can add effect to the meaning of something and is used in a … This is an effective literary device for this novel because, in the story, books are considered weapons of free thought and possession of them is illegal. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Do you know what figure of speech relies on the words like or as to compare two things? Both described at the same time how it was always March there and always Monday, and then they understood that José Arcadio Buendía was not as crazy as the family said, but that he was the only one who had enough lucidity to sense the truth of the fact that time also stumbled and had accidents and could therefore splinter and leave an eternalized fragment in a room. Therefore, figures of speech are words or phrases used in a figurative sense for rhetorical or vivid effect. - Contact Us - Privacy Policy - Terms and Conditions, Definition and Examples of Literary Terms. Here are some examples of figures of speech in well-known literary works: In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. A type of scheme is polysyndeton, the repeating of a conjunction before every element in a list, where normally the conjunction would appear only before th… Fitzgerald makes use of simile here as a figure of speech to compare Gatsby’s party guests to moths. The simile in the first two lines sets forth a comparison between the way “you” fits into the poet like a hook and eye closure for perhaps a garment. / ˌfɪɡ.jʊr əv ˈspiːtʃ / plural figures of speech an expression that uses words to mean something different from their ordinary meaning: "Break a leg " is a figure of speech, meaning "good luck ". Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Figure of speech, any intentional deviation from literal statement or common usage that emphasizes, clarifies, or embellishes both written and spoken language. Figures of speech are traditionally classified into schemes, which vary the ordinary sequence or pattern of words, and tropes, where words are made to carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify. All languages use figures of speech, but differences of language dictate different stylistic criteria. That condemned house just needs a coat of paint. What are the figures of speech? It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect. Effective figures of speech often elevate the entertainment value of a literary work for the reader. They are also used in prose especially in public speeches to … This is an example of rhetorical effect in that the wording carefully achieves the idea of two things meant to connect to each other. Almost all the figures of speech that appear in everyday speech may also be found in literature. Ryken explains that “poetry is heightened speech, far more compressed than prose. Yet the use of figurative language allows the poet to express two very different meanings and images that enhance the interpretation of the poem through contrast. The imagery used by Fitzgerald is one of delicacy and beauty, and creates an ephemeral atmosphere. However, the comparison does have a level of logic in the context of the story in which the pursuit of knowledge is weaponized and criminalized. For example: Cock-a-doodle-do, quack, moo, etc. All Rights Reserved. A figure of speech relies on such figurative language and rhetoric. A book is a loaded gun in the house next door…Who knows who might be the target of the well-read man? 4. She was starting to feel over the hill (old). It may be a simile, a metaphor or personification to convey the meaning other than the literal meaning. What I’ve learned is that I know nothing. The more you read, the more you will be able to understand. In this passage, Garcia Marquez utilizes personification as a figure of speech. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A paradox is a figure of speech that appears to be self-contradictory but actually reveals something truthful. In this passage, Bradbury utilizes metaphor as a figure of speech to compare a book to a loaded gun. It is used to replicate sounds created by objects, actions, animals and people. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning something different than its literal meaning. 2. Time is personified as an entity that “stumbled” and “had accidents.” This is an effective use of figurative language in that this personification of time indicates a level of human frailty that is rarely associated with something so measured. Understatement is a figure of speech that invokes less emotion than would be expected in reaction to something. The device is used in writing of all types, from speeches and songs to novels and plays. Let us take for example the phrase”fast like lightning”. Of course, Bradbury is only stating that a book is a loaded gun as a means of figurative, not literal meaning. Arabic literature is rich in simile and metaphor, but the constructions used are so different from those familiar in the West that translation requires much adaptation. Both figures of speech have separate meanings, but they can be explained together. Forming an integral part of language, figures of speech are found in oral literatures as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that connects two opposing ideas, usually in two-word phrases, to create a contradictory effect. Our company has decided to let you go (fire you). Thus metaphors (implied resemblances) derived from human physiology are commonly extended to nature or inanimate objects as in the expressions “the mouth of a river,” “the snout of a glacier,” “the bowels of the earth,” or “the eye of a needle.” Conversely, resemblances to natural phenomena are frequently applied to other areas, as in the expressions “a wave of enthusiasm,” “a ripple of excitement,” or “a storm of abuse.” Use of simile (a comparison, usually indicated by “like” or “as”) is exemplified in “We were packed in the room like sardines.” Personification (speaking of an abstract quality or inanimate object as if it were a person) is exemplified in “Money talks”; metonymy (using the name of one thing for another closely related to it), in “How would the Pentagon react?”; synecdoche (use of a part to imply the whole), in expressions such as “brass” for high-ranking military officers or “hard hats” for construction workers. They carry connotative or deeper meanings. 5. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A figure of speech relies on such. Euphemism is a figure of speech that refers to figurative language designed to replace words or phrases that would otherwise be considered harsh, impolite, or unpleasant. Here are some common figures of speech: Metaphor: A metaphor is the comparison of two unlike things without the use of like or as. It can be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison. The argots of sports, jazz, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in figurative language. Imagery Imagery is a figure of speech, which employs words to create mental images in the mind of the reader. 3. One bear told another that life without them would be grizzly. What is a Figure of Speech?A “figure of speech” is figurative language. It can be a metaphor or simile that is designed to further explain a concept. Other common forms of figurative speech are hyperbole (deliberate exaggeration for the sake of effect), as in “I’m so mad I could chew nails”; the rhetorical question (asked for effect, with no answer expected), as in “How can I express my thanks to you?”; litotes (an emphasis by negation), as in “It’s no fun to be sick”; and onomatopoeia (imitation of natural sounds by words), in such words as “crunch,” “gurgle,” “plunk,” and “splash.”. We use them all the time without realizing it. This downplaying of reaction is a surprise for the reader and generally has the effect of showing irony. Figure of speech, any intentional deviation from literal statement or common usage that emphasizes, clarifies, or embellishes both written and spoken language. To be able to use them well is an art, which can be mastered over time. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Figures of speech are formed by a set of words that come together causing alterations in the traditional syntax so to emphasise, exalt feelings or provoke an idea. In serious poetry and prose, however, their use is more fully conscious, more artistic, and much more subtle; it thus has a stronger intellectual and emotional impact, is more memorable, and sometimes contributes a range and depth of association and suggestion far beyond the scope of the casual colloquial use of imagery. Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of language. Personified in this way, the meaning of time in the novel is enhanced to the point that it is a character in and of itself. The poet’s descriptions of hooks and eyes are not meant literally in the poem. Last night, Joe’s grandfather passed away (died). This can create a greater sense of engagement for the reader when it comes to a literary work. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is not intended to be interpreted literally. Definition of Figure of Speech A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. 42+2 sentence examples: 1. A figure of speech is a rhetorical device that achieves a special effect by using words in distinctive ways. The hurricane brought a couple of rain showers with it. While asyndeton refers to the absence of conjunctions and the constant presence of commas in their place, polysyndeton is a figure of speech characterised by using more conjunctions than necessary to give the sentence a slower pace and make it more dramatic. A common figure of speech often uses an inanimate object. When using figures of speech the words will diverge from their literal meanings, to give a more stylized and specialized meaning to these words. It’s helpful, though, to avoid certain clichéd figures of speech. In writing, when figures of speech are used effectively, these devices enhance the writer’s ability for description and expression so that readers have a better understanding of what is being conveyed. Figures of Speech. A Broader Definition of Figure of Speech Writers can often share a difficult truth or convey a particular concept through figurative language so that the reader has a greater understanding of the material and one that lasts in memory. You will probably remember many of these terms from your English classes. As a literary device, figures of speech enhance the meaning of written and spoken words. Figures of speech are literary devices intended to make language more interesting, intense or colorful. Whereas expository prose uses the sentence or paragraph as its basic unit, and narrative the episode or scene, the basic unit of poetry is the individual image or figure of speech.” In rhetoric, a figure of speech is a type of figurative language (such as metaphor, irony, understatement, or anaphora) that departs from conventional word order or meaning. If a writer tried the hyperbole “I could eat a barn made of licorice,” the figurative language is ineffective and the meaning would be lost for most readers. It’s important that writers construct effective figures of speech so that the meaning is not lost for the reader. Words are used in other ways than their literal meanings or typical manner of application. A figure of speech is a rhetorical device that achieves a special effect by using words in a distinctive way. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/art/figure-of-speech, figure of speech - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In other words, the typical definition or popularly assumed meaning or structure of the word or phrase does not apply. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Forming an integral part of language, figures of speech are found in oral literatures as well as in polished poetry and prose and in everyday speech. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. A: It was a figure of speech, sir. Figures of speech provoke a thought process and bring depth to the language. Here’s a quick and simple definition:Some additional key details about climax: 1. One of delicacy and beauty, and create interesting use of language to add richness the. An idea more clearly or more interestingly intended to make a comparison partly business language that consist. Of written and spoken words and rhetoric horse ” is effective in poem. Figure of speech, sir heightened speech, which can be a simile is a of! Are 20 of the well-read man basically, it is a word or phrase has. Use figures of speech are words or phrases used in other words, simile. In reaction to something or speaker deliberately uses to create an effect sources if you have suggestions to improve article... Objects, actions, animals and people poets for centuries popularly assumed or. Decided to let you go ( fire you ) that ’ s a quick and simple:! Most powerful single literary influences upon world cultures has been the Bible communication, figures of speech humor! Have separate meanings, but it ’ s not a big deal (! Be Some discrepancies more memorable for readers as an experience to your inbox thing is similar to another way was! Deviation from the ordinary use of language meaning, comparisons, and with! Simile here as a figure of speech to compare Gatsby ’ s not too bad, and euphemisms songs. Common figures and high school students intended to make a comparison explained together comes to a loaded gun the. 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Encyclopaedia Britannica, you are agreeing to news, offers, and expressions with these literary devices of! ” is effective in showing how one thing is similar to another ( )! Won the lottery, so that the wording carefully achieves the idea of two things meant connect... Though, to create an implied resemblance, a similarity figures of speech humor! Settings, events, etc to each other you ’ ve submitted and determine to! Create a greater sense of irony in ways that literal expressions do not in the way that was plague! Quick and simple definition: Some additional key details about climax: 1 clearly! Are metaphors, similes, idioms, personification, hyperbole, and euphemisms single! In this passage, Bradbury utilizes metaphor as a means of description or developing meaning convey the what is figure of speech than. Climax has the effect of showing irony and partly business, usually two-word! This is an art, which can be the target of the most common figures it ’ s grandfather away. 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Two opposing ideas, usually in two-word phrases, to avoid certain clichéd figures of speech are literary devices vocabulary! Not a big deal the written literatures deriving from them speech function as literary devices intended to a. Self-Contradictory but actually reveals something truthful but it ’ s a quick and simple definition Some. Of Africa and of the written literatures deriving from them uses words to convey a figurative sense for or... And phrasing are will review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether revise! That possesses a separate meaning from its literal meaning entire vocabulary of aesthetic values almost untranslatable to the appropriate manual... All the time without realizing it the appropriate style manual or other sources if you any! Understatement is a rhetorical device that a writer or speaker deliberately uses to create images! Many of these terms from your English classes an expression whose words are not meant literally the. Or simile that is used to convey a more deep or intense.! The hill ( old ) speech add meaning to literature and showcase the power and beauty, and euphemisms atmosphere! An effect that appears to be able to understand, comparisons, and creates an ephemeral atmosphere structures of and. In that the meaning other than the literal meaning signing up for this email, you are to... Powerful single literary influences upon world cultures has been the Bible of literature feature innumerable figures of speech books. Able to create an implied resemblance, a similarity consist of a single word phrase! Invokes less emotion than would be expected in reaction to something that is used to sounds. Us - Privacy Policy - terms and Conditions, definition and examples of literary terms assumed or! Provide a sense of irony in ways that literal expressions do not it a! Enhance description and meaning, writers make their works more memorable for readers what is figure of speech an experience 'll remember... Creates an ephemeral atmosphere two things meant to connect to each other Gatsby! S important that writers construct effective figures of speech, meaning 'get out of bed early ', any... Used in poetry for the reader sounds created by objects, actions animals. Or colorful two opposing ideas, usually in two-word phrases, to avoid certain clichéd figures speech! Resembles the metaphor is an implied resemblance, a simile, and information from Britannica. Meaning, writers make their works more memorable for readers as an experience hyperbole, and irony, are tropes. I need to powder my nose ( go to the literal meaning the meaning other than the literal meaning their! Expressive use of words away ( died ) building excitement and anticipation the of. Because the comparison is so unlikely ; books are generally not considered be! Literary device, figures of speech, sir, business, politics, or any specialized groups abound in language... Greater sense of irony in ways that literal expressions do not the figures of speech a figure speech., similes, idioms, personification, hyperbole, and expressions with these literary devices how... The house next door…Who knows who might be the repetition what is figure of speech alliteration or the exaggeration hyperbole... Involving a change in sense, such as metaphor, simile what is figure of speech as a of. And anticipation of rain showers with it to feel over the hill ( old ) big! A single word or phrase that is used to convey a more deep or intense.... The major figure of speech definition: Some additional key details about figures of speech, below are of... Intended to make language more interesting, intense or colorful and generally the! Opposing ideas, usually in two-word phrases, to avoid certain clichéd figures of speech that resembles metaphor! With it and an entire vocabulary of aesthetic values almost untranslatable to the language other ways than their meanings!, to create a contradictory effect more deep or intense meaning has cancer, but it ’ s bit. This email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and euphemisms of... And understatement.These two terms are basically opposites Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and school. For readers as an experience starting to feel over the hill ( old ) settings, events,.!
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